Apical Third Horizontal Root Fractures in Anterior.

Horizontal root fractures are a type of traumatic dental injury. Horizontal root fractures are classified as apical third, middle third, and cervical third of the root based on the fracture line and on the degree of dislocation of the coronal fragment. The prognosis of the tooth depends on the patient’s age, stage of root growth, mobility of the coronal fragment and diastasis of the fragments. Proper clinical and radiographic examination should be done to reveal apical root fractures. Hence, the treatment plan can be decided depending on the type of fracture and extent of fracture line. This review was conducted to evaluate the apical third horizontal root fractures in order to determine the appropriate therapy.

The clinical meaning of external cervical resorption in maxillary canine: transoperative dental trauma

External Cervical Resorption in maxillary canines with pulp vitality is frequently associated with dental trauma resulting from surgical procedures carried out to prepare the teeth for further orthodontic traction. Preparation procedures might surgically manipulate the cementoenamel junction or cause luxation of teeth due to applying excessive force or movement tests beyond the tolerance limits of periodontal ligament and cervical tissue structures. Dentin exposure at the cementoenamel junction triggers External Cervical Resorption as a result of inflammation followed by antigen recognition of dentin proteins. External Cervical Resorption is painless, does not induce pulpitis and develops slowly. The lesion is generally associated with and covered by gingival soft tissues which disguise normal clinical aspects, thereby leading to late diagnosis when the process is near pulp threshold. Endodontic treatment is recommended only if surgical procedures are rendered necessary in the pulp space; otherwise, External Cervical Resorption should be treated by conservative means: protecting the dental pulp and restoring function and esthetics of teeth whose pulp will remain in normal conditions. Unfortunately, there is a lack of well-grounded research evincing how often External Cervical Resorption associated with canines subjected to orthodontic traction occurs.

A reabsorção cervical externa em caninos superiores com vitalidade pulpar em sua quase totalidade está associada a traumatismo dentário decorrente de procedimentos cirúrgicos associado à preparação desse dente para ser tracionado ortodonticamente. Nessa preparação pode se manipular cirurgicamente a junção amelocementária ou luxar o dente com forças excessivas ou com testes de movimentação além dos limites de tolerância estrutural do ligamento periodontal e tecidos cervicais. A exposição dentinária na junção amelocementária é o estopim para se iniciar uma reabsorção cervical externa a partir de uma inflamação induzida na região seguida de reconhecimento antigênico das proteínas dentinárias. A reabsorção cervical externa é indolor, não induz pulpites e tem uma evolução lenta. Em geral, a lesão está associada e recoberta por tecidos moles gengivais que mantêm, por longos períodos, os aspectos clínicos normais, induzindo diagnósticos tardios, quando o processo se aproxima dos limites pulpares. O tratamento endodôntico está indicado apenas em função de procedimentos operatórios que se fazem necessários no espaço pulpar; caso contrário, a reabsorção cervical externa deve ser tratada de forma conservadora, protegendo a polpa dentária e restaurando a função e estética do dente que permanecerá com sua polpa normal. Infelizmente, não sabemos, com base em pesquisas de casuísticas bem estabelecidas, qual é a frequência da reabsorção cervical externa associada a caninos ortodonticamente tracionados.

Caninos superiores permanentes impactados: revisión de literatura y presentación de caso clínico / Impacted permanent maxillary canines: review of literature and presentation of clinical case

El proceso de desarrollo de los caninos permanentes superiores es entre todos los dientes el más demorado y de trayecto más largo. En el periodo de transición para la dentición permanente podrá ocurrir la no erupción de estos dientes. El diagnóstico precoz de esta anomalía es fundamental para el correcto desarrollo de la dentición y oclusión y para un tratamiento efectivo y rápido. Por lo tanto, el propósito de este trabajo fue revisar algunos aspectos concernientes a la etiología, diagnóstico y conduta clínica en casos de caninos superiores impactados

he canine development process is the most delayed process of all teeth and also the one that takes the longest path until its eruption. During the period of transition from the mixed denture to the permanent one it may occur some problems of dental impactions. Early diagnosis of this anomaly is of major importance to have a proper occlusion development and to have a more efficient and short treatment. Therefore, it was purpose with this study, to review some aspects concerning to the etiology diagnosis and clinical conduct of canines maxillary impactions

Fuerzas ortodóncicas como agentes vulnerantes de la salud pulpar: reporte de dos casos / Orthodontic forces causing damage in pulpal condition: report of two cases

La literatura ya ha sugerido la implicancia del uso de fuerzas ortodóncicas como productoras de daño mecánico, reacción inflamatoria periodontal, lesión periapical y reabsorción radicular. Los parámetros más comúnmente explorados en investigaciones de la respuesta tisular a fuerzas ortodónticas consisten en medir los niveles de oxígeno pulpar, la vasculatura y los cambios en la circulación sanguínea. Se ha demostrado que la irrigación pulpar disminuye tempranamente cuando se realizan aplicaciones continuas de fuerzas ortodóncicas, aun si éstas son de intensidad suave, concluyendo que la magnitud de las fuerzas no necesariamente debe ser excesiva para originar daño celular, el que eventualmente podría derivar en cuadros que van desde simples cambios de color coronario hasta obliteraciones camerales o la misma necrosis pulpar. Se presentan dos casos de pacientes tratados ortodóncicamente con extravasación hemorrágica y necrosis pulpar (canino e incisivo lateral superiores izquierdos respectivamente), con ausencia informada de traumatismo previo, y se discuten protocolos diagnósticos para la evaluación de la salud pulpar.

The literature has suggested the implication of the use of orthodontic forces as producing mechanical damage, inflammatory reactions in the periodontium, periapical injury and root resorption. More commonly explored parameters in investigations of the tissue response to orthodontic forces consist of measuring the levels of pulpal oxygen and disturbances in dental pulp circulation. It has been demonstrated that the pulpal irrigation diminishes early when continuous applications of orthodontic forces are realized, even if these are of soft intensity, concluding that the magnitude of the forces must not necessarily be excessive to originate cell damage, which eventually might derive in signs such as simple crown discoloration to progressive obliteration or pulp necrosis. Two cases of orthodontically treated subjetcs with hemorrhagic extravasation and pulp necrosis (canine and lateral incisive respectively, both left upper) with absence of previous trauma are presented and the diagnostic protocols for the evaluation of the pulpal condition are discussed.

Management of dentoalveolar injuries in children: a case report.

Children aged 6-15 years old experience more injuries to their teeth and the injuries sustained are more serious as evidenced by a higher percentage of luxations, avulsions, fractures and dislocations. The mandible is the most frequently fractured facial bone and mandibular alveolar injuries have been reported to range between 8.1-50.6%. Those with mandibular or midface fractures have a higher incidence of associated chest, extremity, abdomen and cervical spine injuries. The growing patient with facial injuries presents the clinician with a series of thought-provoking circumstances. Dentoalveolar and mandibular injuries are especially important to understand because of the potential complications related to tooth eruption, alveolar development, occlusion and facial growth. However, the principles involved in the treatment for children need to be modified by certain anatomical, physiological and psychological factors specifically related to childhood. This case report documents the trauma, management and follow-up care of an 11-year-old boy who sustained undisplaced infraorbital, nasal fractures and mandibular dentoalveolar fracture along with other associated injuries of the extremities.

Frecuencia de niños con caries de biberón: experiencia en el Hospital Pediátrico de Mendoza / Frequency of children with nursing-bottle caries: experience in the Pediatric Hospital of Mendoza

Con el propósito de conocer la prevalencia de caries de biberón en una población de Mendoza, se realizó un estudio retrospectivo durante 30 meses, en el Hospital Pediátrico de Mendoza. Durante el período estudiado, consultaron al Servicio de Odontología 3435 pacientes, de los cuales 210 (6.11 por ciento) presentaban caries de biberón y utilizaban mamadera con diferentes contenidos y frecuencias de uso. El 56,7 por ciento eran varones y el 43,3 por ciento eran mujeres; la edad promedio de consulta fue de 5 (entre 1 y 20). No se observaron diferencias entre número de caries y sexo, ni tampoco en relación con la edad. Motivó este trabajo la preocupación por la presencia de una patología que debería haber desaparecido, o al menos disminuido. Es obligación de los odontopediatras enfocar la prevención de esta patología a través de la educación

Traumatic injuries to the anterior teeth among South Kanara school children--a prevalence study.

The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and distribution of the traumatic injuries to anterior teeth among 4500 school children in the age group of 3 to 16 years from South Kanara District of Karnataka. Information concerning sex, age, cause of trauma, number of injured teeth, type of the teeth, lip competence, terminal plane relationship and the molar relationship were recorded. A total of 238 cases (5.29%) had incisor and canine fractures, which was more prevalent among the boys (72.27%) than the girls (27.73%). The leading cause of injury was undefined falls and the maxillary central incisors were commonly affected in both the primary and the permanent dentition. Enamel fracture was the most common form of injury noted. Class 1 Type 2 and Class 2 division 1 molar relationship cases exhibited significantly very high number of fractured teeth. Only 1.68% of the cases with traumatized teeth had undergone treatment.

Alterações orais em três espécies de Leontopithecus mantidas em cativeiro (Callitrichidae, Primates) / Dental changes in three species of Leontopithecus maintained in captivity (Callitrichidae, Primates)

Foram estudadas as alterações orais que ocorrem em primatas não humanos, cativos, do gênero Leontopithecus, suas diferenças entre espécies, suas freqüências e a influência do cativeiro. Sessenta crânios de Leontopithecus, do acervo do Museu Primatológico do Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ-FEEMA), foram examinados. O teste do x² foi utilizado para avaliar as diferenças nas incidências das alterações orais e o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson para o estudo da correlação entre o número de alterações e o tempo de cativeiro dos animais. Entre as três espécies estudadas, L. chrysomelas, L. rosalia e L. chrysopygus, as diferenças nas alterações orais foram estatisticamente significativas para cáries, crazing, doença pulpar e maloclusão. O complexo canino-incisivo foi mais afetado do que a série molar. A incidência de alterações orais aumentou à medida que aumentou o tempo de cativeiro dos micos e diferiu nas três espécies de Leontopithecus estudadas, sendo L. chrysopygusi a mais suscetível.

The dental changes occurring in captive non-human primates of the genus Leontopíthecus and its differences among three species, L. chrysomelas, L. rosalía and L. chrysopygus, regarding frequency and captivity influence, were studied. Sixty skulls of the Leontopíthecus, trom the collection of the Museum of Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ-FEEMA) were examined. The x² test was used to evaluate the differences between incidence of changes observed and Pearson's coefficient of correlation to evaluate the number of changes observed and the time of captivity. The differences among the three species were significant for caries, crazing, pulpar disease and malocclusion. The complex canine-incisors were more affected than the molars. The incidence of oral changes was high in animais maintained more time in captivity conditions and was different in the three species of the Leontopíthecus studied; L. chrysopygus was the most susceptible.

Perda precoce de dentes decíduos: uma apreciaçäo clínica na regiäo de incisivos superiores e caninos inferiores / Early loss of deciduous teeth: a clinical aproach about upper incisors and lower cuspids, areas

O objetivo precípuo deste trabalho é discorrer de forma didática e baseado na literatura compulsada sobre as conseqüências das perdas precoces de incisivos superiores e caninos decíduos inferiores. Com esse objetivo säo revistos inicialmente, os principais fatores etiológicos e as seqüelas gerais associadas a uma perda precoce. Segundo evidenciam as pesquisas, a perda precoce uni ou bilateral de caninos decíduos inferiores pode constituir um fator agravante de uma má-oclusäo incipiente já instalada. Por outro lado a perda de incisivo decíduo superior requer a intervençäo do profissional somente nos casos de envolvimento estético e nos esparsos casos onde há risco de fechamento de espaço e tendência à instalaçäo de hábitos bucais deletérios

Rehabilitación de dos caninos permanentes con fracturas masivas de las coronas / Rehabilitation of two permanent canines with large coronal fractures

Se describen dos formas distintas para preservar dos caninos que fueron fracturados en forma masiva con desplazamiento de los fragmentos y movilidad. De esta manera se pudieron preservar ambos dientes sin necesidad de ser extraídos

Dehiscencias y fenestraciones alveolares en cráneos de pobladores aborígenes de las culturas de la costa central y sur del antiguo Perú / Alverolar dehiscences and fenestrae in skulls of natives from the central coast and south cultures of the ancient Peru

Se examinaron un total de 20 cráneos adultos intactos asociados a sus respectivas mandíbulas, con denticiones completas premorten. Cada maxilar con un mínimo de catorce dientes, y los alvéolos sin dientes postmortem sin sospechas de haber tenido alguna lesión. Se estudiaron un total de 599 piezas dentarias y se encontró el 6,21 por ciento de dehiscencias y el 2 por ciento de fenestraciones. La extensión de las dehiscencias fue frecuentemente observada en el tercio cervical. No existió diferencia significativa con los grupos etáreos ni con el sexo. Las conclusiones del presente estudio fueron: 1) el 70 por ciento de los cráneos estudiados presentaron defectos óseos alveolares. 2) El canino fue el diente más afectado con estos defectos. 3) Ningún defecto óseo se observó en la placa cortical lingual